原文Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m”and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.
32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasi's research focus on? A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. C.Its quantity. D.Its development. 33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B.They could not open and close their lips easily. C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. 35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 译文人类的语音包含2000多种不同的声音，从常见的“m”和“a”到一些南部非洲语言的罕见点击。但为什么某些声音比其他声音更常见呢？一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，与饮食相关的人类叮咬变化导致了新的语音，现在世界上一半的语言中都有这种语音。
30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍克特指出，被称为唇音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在食用较软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damin Blasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这一趋势是如何出现的以及为什么出现的。
他们发现，古代人类成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，这使得很难产生唇缘，唇缘是通过下唇与上齿接触而形成的。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆颚结构，使发出这种声音变得更容易。
研究小组表明，这种咬合力的变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。这时食物变得更容易咀嚼了。颚骨不需要做那么多的工作，所以也没有长得那么大。
对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球变化，在过去几千年中，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。今天，在许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到这些声音。
这项研究推翻了一种流行的观点，即大约30万年前人类进化时，所有人类的语音都存在。研究小组成员史蒂文·莫兰说：“自人类出现以来，我们使用的一组语音并不一定保持稳定，而是我们今天发现的各种各样的语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”。
32.达明·布拉西的研究重点是人类语音的哪个方面？ A.它的品种。B.其分布。C.它的数量 D.它的发展。 33.为什么古代人类成年人很难生产出兔唇？ A.他们的上齿比下齿少。B.他们的嘴唇无法轻易地张开和闭合。 C.它们的下颚结构不方便。D.他们的下门牙不够大。 34.第5段的主要内容是什么？ A.研究结果的支持性证据。B.研究结果的潜在应用。 C.对研究方法的进一步解释。D.对研究过程的合理怀疑。 35.史蒂文·莫兰（Steven Moran）对人类的语音集有何看法？ A.这是有效沟通的关键。B.它对文化多样性有很大贡献。 C.这是一个复杂而动态的系统。D.它推动着人类的进化。

1 段译 人类的语音包含2000多种不同的声音，从常见的“m”和“a”到一些南部非洲语言的罕见点击。但为什么某些声音比其他声音更常见呢？一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，与饮食相关的人类叮咬变化导致了新的语音，现在世界上一半的语言中都有这种语音。

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common “m”and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.句译 人类演讲包含更多比2000不同的声音，从普通的M和A到珍贵的点击一些南方非洲语言的。But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.句译 句译 但是为什么是肯定的声音更普通比其他的？开创性的，五年研究显示饮食相关的改变在人类咬导致新的演讲声音是现在被发现在半世界的语言。

2 段译 30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍克特指出，被称为唇音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在食用较软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damin Blasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这一趋势是如何出现的以及为什么出现的。

More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as “f” and “v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.句译 更多比30年前，学者DH注意到演讲声音被叫唇齿音，诸如F和V，是更多平常在语言社会的吃更软的食物。现在队伍研究者领导被DB在大学Z的，瑞士，已发现如何和为什么这个趋势出现。

3 段译 他们发现，古代人类成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，这使得很难产生唇缘，唇缘是通过下唇与上齿接触而形成的。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆颚结构，使发出这种声音变得更容易。

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.句译 他们发现上面的和下面的前齿古代人类成年人的被对齐的，使它困难去产生唇齿音，这形成被触摸下面的唇到上面的齿。后来，我们的下巴改变到过度咬结构，使它更容易去产生如此声音。

4 段译 研究小组表明，这种咬合力的变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。这时食物变得更容易咀嚼了。颚骨不需要做那么多的工作，所以也没有长得那么大。

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.句译 团队显示这改变在咬被连接和发展农业的在N期间。The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.句译 下巴骨不必去做像那么多工作并且如此不长到是那么大的。

5 段译 对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球变化，在过去几千年中，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。今天，在许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到这些声音。

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.句译 分析语言数据库的也确认有全球的变化在声音世界语言的在后N世纪，带着用F和V的增长显著地在期间最后几千年。这些声音被仍然不发现在语言许多狩猎采集人们今天。

6 段译 这项研究推翻了一种流行的观点，即大约30万年前人类进化时，所有人类的语音都存在。研究小组成员史蒂文·莫兰说：“自人类出现以来，我们使用的一组语音并不一定保持稳定，而是我们今天发现的各种各样的语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.句译 这研究推翻流行的看法所有人类演讲声音是呈现的当人类进化大约300000年前。“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.句译 集合演讲声音的我们使用的已不必保存稳定的自从出翔人类的，但是相当巨大多样性演讲声音的我们发现今天是产品复杂的相互作用事情的像生物的改变和文化的进化，说SM，成员研究队伍的。

32.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasi's research focus on?翻译 32.哪个方面人类演讲声音的DB研究聚焦？

A. Its variety.翻译 A.它的多样性。

B. Its distribution.翻译 B.它的分布。

C. Its quantity.翻译 C.它的数量

D. Its development.翻译 D.它的发展。

33.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?翻译 33.为什么是它困难对古代人类成年人去产生唇齿音？

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.翻译 A.他们有更少上齿比下齿。

B. They could not open and close their lips easily.翻译 B.他们能不开放和关闭他们的嘴唇容易地。

C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. 翻译 C.他们的下巴被方便地结构。

D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.翻译 D.他们的较低的前齿是不大足够的。

34.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?.翻译 34.什么是段落5主要关于？

A. Supporting evidence for the research results. 翻译 A.支持证据为研究结果 。

B. Potential application of the research findings.翻译 B.潜在的应用研究发现的。

C. A further explanation of the research methods.翻译 C.更进一步的解释研究方式的。

D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.翻译 D.合理的怀疑关于研究过程。

35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?翻译 35.什么SM说关于集合人类演讲声音的？

A. It is key to effective communication. 翻译 A.它是关键对有效的交流。

B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.翻译 C.它贡献很多对文化多样性。

C. It is a complex and dynamic system.翻译 它是复杂的和动态系统

D. It drives the evolution of human beings.翻译 D.它驱动进化人类的。

答案 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.C   温馨提示：选项可点击，红色为错误选项，绿色为正确选项